Introduction to Strikes and Lockouts
In industrial relations, strikes and lockouts are seen as powerful tools wielded by workers and employers respectively. While a strike is a collective refusal by employees to work under existing conditions, a lockout is a suspension of work initiated by the employer. Under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (I.D. Act), specific provisions govern the legality, conditions, and requirements for strikes and lockouts.
Definition of Strike and Lockout
Strike: As per Section 2(q) of the I.D. Act, a strike is a cessation of work by a body of persons employed in any industry acting in combination.
Lockout: As per Section 2(1) of the I.D. Act, a lockout means the temporary closing of a place of employment or the suspension of work.
Conditions for Legal Strikes and Lockouts
Under the I.D. Act, legal strikes and lockouts must adhere to certain conditions:
Notice Period: Notice of strike in a public utility service must be given to the employer six weeks before striking and within 14 days of giving such notice (Section 22).
Prohibition During Pendency of Proceedings: No strike or lockout is allowed during the pendency of conciliation proceedings and seven days after their conclusion (Section 23).
Illegal Strikes and Lockouts: Any strike or lockout not adhering to the provisions of Sections 22 and 23 is deemed illegal.
Case Laws Related to Strikes and Lockouts
Crompton Greaves Ltd. v. Workmen: The Supreme Court emphasized the importance of following proper procedure for strikes, stating that even genuine grievances cannot justify an illegal strike.
Syndicate Bank v. K. Umesh Nayak: The Court held that employees indulging in an illegal strike may face disciplinary action.
Consequences of Illegal Strikes and Lockouts
Penalty for Illegal Strikes and Lockouts: As per Section 26 of the I.D. Act, engaging in an illegal strike or lockout can lead to imprisonment up to a month or a fine or both.
Penalty for Instigation: Instigating or inciting an illegal strike or lockout can lead to similar penalties under Section 27.
Conclusion: Strikes and Lockouts in India
The provisions related to strikes and lockouts under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 ensure a balance between the rights and responsibilities of both employers and employees. While recognizing the workers' right to protest and the employer's right to impose a lockout, the law also places certain restrictions to maintain industrial peace. These laws emphasize the need for both parties to act in accordance with statutory requirements to ensure fairness and legality in industrial relations.
コメント